Just went through a related issue (I bet it is the same) last week.
I was adjusting the door to align it a little bit better.
The door was also hard to open when using the exterior handle
after I adjusted the door. I wanted to see if was due to the adjustment
I had just done or whether it was the latch.
So while the door was open I rotated
the latch by hand to see if was the latch, then I could not get it back/open again so the
door could not be closed.
At this point the good news is it wasn't the door adjustment I'd just done.
The bad news was that I had to disassemble the door and clean everything.
Here is what the latch mechanism looks like before cleaning (with 39 year old grease)
and after.
Click to view attachmentClick to view attachmentClick to view attachmentAfter cleaning which required using a toothbrush,
I put it all back and it worked great to open the door from
the outside and the door lock/unlock was now super easy from the inside
but the door could not be opened from the inside.
Turned out that my door latch mechanism was only bolted in with the 2 screws
on the side. The screw on the door side was missing.
Adding that screw back made everything work again.
I used a lithium/silicon combination grease and the latch works great.
The door now closes with a simple push and the inside and outside handles
can open the door easily with not too much pressure.
It was amazing how much that gunked up grease affected everything.
I bet yours will work much better if clean up the latch mechanism.
--- bill