Koni hydraulic dampers are one of few dampers for our 914's that are not gas charged anymore. I think the reds used to be hydraulic only but now I think they also have red adjustables that are gas charged to add confusion. Maybe I'm the one who's confused.
Dampers do not have to be gas charged. The old school red hydraulics in particular are tuned for ride comfort over handling so damping oil aeration is not a big problem.
Most early vehicle dampers were not gas charged. Motorcycle forks being a great example. Simple dampers with valved pistons operating while submerged in oil.
Original gas charged Monotube dampers were invented in mid-late 50's but not widely used. i think Mercedes was 1st to introduce gas charged Monotube dampers in mid 50s. Bilstein struts for the 914 were an application of an inverted Monotube -- pretty trick for the 70's.
Gas charged twin tube dampers weren't used in domestic mass production until the 80's. I think that application was on Lincoln Continental.
From Koni FAQ
Click to view attachment