What are these holes for? Are they supposed to plugged?

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I haven't done much with type4's in a long while but. I believe the big one is for timing. There should be timing marks on the flywheel. Others can chime in on the small one. I believe there's a plastic cover that goes over the big hole. Again, not too sure on the other.

those are there for the mice to come out and get water and food when the car is parked, they do get hungry with you stepping on the long pedal all the time

i think that there just there for venting of the clutch, there is another hole kinda shaped like a notch on the bottom that can be used for setting valve lash. check with the pelican parts they have a tech article on that

The big one up at the top is for a Vanagon with an automatic transmission. It is used to install and tighten the torque converter bolts.

The small one is to strip the flesh off of your finger if you stick it in there to move the engine around on the floor of your garage.

Isn't the little one for some kind of sensor that was used for diagnostics on some of the Buses?

Neither one is particularly useful on a 914.

--DD

on my '81 vanagon, there is a sensor in the top hole probably for magnetic signal to know RPM.

the little one is bus 'diagnostics'.

Really glad I could help out in this thread.