The Audi S4 electronic throttle valve consists of a DC motor, reduction gear drive and dual feedback angle sensors. It is again for reasons of redundancy that two potentiometers are used for angle feedback. However, unlike the accelerator position sensor, these sensors have opposite resistance characteristics to one another, as shown below.
While continuous sensing of throttle blade position does occur, the ECU recognises four key functional positions of the throttle blade:
* Lower mechanical limit stop - the valve is totally shut.
* Lower electrical limit stop - the lower limit used in normal operation. This position does not totally close the valve, thus preventing contact wear of the housing and throttle blade.
* Emergency running position - the position of the valve when it is not energised. This allows sufficient airflow for an idle speed a little higher than standard.
* Upper electrical limit stop - the blade is fully open.
The control system has a self-learning function, whereby the state of the mechanicals within the electronic throttle (eg spring tensions) is determined by the evaluation of the throttle valve's reaction speed.
As with the Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor, sophisticated limp-home techniques are available should the Electronic Throttle Control Actuator develop problems. These include:
Emergency running program #1
This occurs when an angle sensor within the throttle body fails or an implausible signal is received. Required is an intact throttle angle sensor and plausible mass airflow measurement.
* Torque increasing requests from other systems are ignored (eg from the Engine Braking Control);
* The fault lamp is illuminated.
Emergency running program #2
This occurs if the throttle valve drive fails or malfunctions; it requires that both throttle valve potentiometers recognize the Emergency Running Position of the throttle blade.
* The throttle valve drive is switched off so that the valve defaults to the small emergency running opening;
* As far as possible, ignition angle control and turbo boost control(!) are used to execute driver torque demands.
* The fault lamp is illuminated.
Emergency running program #3
This occurs if the throttle valve position is unknown and/or if the throttle valve is not definitely known to be in the Emergency Running Position.
* The throttle valve drive is switched off so that the valve (hopefully!) defaults to the small emergency running opening;
* The engine speed is limited to approximately 1200 rpm by fuel injection control;
* The fault lamp is illuminated.
An Audi schematic diagram showing the operation of the electronic throttle system is shown here.
As you can see, Bosch engineers have been very careful to ensure that a failure of the electronic throttle system will not cause the car to suddenly have full power - or a stalled engine.
I will stick with my bosch electronics, what fails does not kill me and usually is just annoying.