"..couldn't see where the cables are connected to the rod ..."
well...if the rod is the handbrake lever, then they go from the lever to the place behind driver seat in front of the firewall/backpad. Under a cover with 2 small screws you will find:
Click to view attachment but that is not where to adjust. But check and lube. How to adjust brakes and cables is explained by our members above.
To adjust you do not need to take off the calipers, unless you screw up the coverscrew that covers the adjustmentthingie in the caliper.
Good luck !